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These materials are a reflection of the language and culture of the time period in which they were written.
French Revolution 1789 - 1799
First Republic 1792 - 1804
First Empire 1804 - 1814/1815 (Napoleon I and II)
Bourbon Restoration 1814 - 1830
July Monarchy 1830 – 1848
Second Republic 1848 - 1852
Second Empire 1852 - 1870 (Napoleon III)
Third Republic 1870 - 1940
Vichy Government (French State) 1940 - 1944
Fourth Republic 1946 - 1958
Fifth Republic 1958 - present