Primary Sources: Middle East: Türkiye (Turkey)

"During the summer of 1919, a delegation under the leadership of Oberlin College President Henry Churchill King and Chicago businessman Charles R. Crane travelled to areas of the former Ottoman territories. Their mission was to determine the wishes of the people of the region as their future was being determined by the major powers at the Paris Peace Conference. The King-Crane Commission, as it became known, met delegations and invited written petitions from various religious and political groups. This digital collection unifies the archival records of Commission members for the first time. It also includes resources on conducting research in the collection."

The Treaty of Sevres, signed on August 10, 1920, ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Turkey. Before the treaty, the Turkish Ottoman Empire controlled the Middle East; as a result of the treaty, most of the Middle East was divided up between the Allies, with Turkey only keeping control of Constantinople (Istanbul) and Anatolia in Asia Minor. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish National Party, raised an Army in opposition and named himself the provisional president of Turkey. Ataturk set up his capital in Ankara and waged a civil war against the sultanate and Greek occupation of Turkey. By 1922 Ataturk had defeated the Greeks so soundly that they withdrew from Turkey, ending the Allied plan for the partitioning of Turkey. Ataturk was formally elected president in 1923 and set about modernizing his country, transforming it from an Islamic state into a secular Western republic. He served until his death in 1938.

Mehmed Vi Wahid Ed-Din, Final Sultan Of The Ottoman Empire, Just Before His Abdication, Deposition, And Exile

Secret treaty between Germany and Turkey in regards to war with Russia.